Arrowhead Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
Q1 2023 Earnings Call Transcript

Published: 6 Feb 2023

[Operator:]

Ladies and gentlemen, welcome to the Arrowhead Pharmaceuticals Conference Call. [Operator Instructions] I will now hand the conference over to Vincent Anzalone, Vice President of Investor Relations for Arrowhead. Please go ahead, Vince.

[Vincent Anzalone:]

Thanks so much. Good afternoon and thank you for joining us today to discuss Arrowhead’s results for its fiscal 2023 first quarter ended December 31, 2022. With us today from management are President and CEO, Dr. Christopher Anzalone, who will provide an overview of the quarter; Dr. Javier San Martin, our Chief Medical Officer, who will provide an update on our mid and later-stage clinical pipeline; Dr. James Hamilton, our Chief of Discovery and Translational Medicine, who will provide an update on our earlier stage programs; and Ken Myszkowski, our Chief Financial Officer, who will give a review of the financials. In addition, Tracy Oliver, our Chief Commercial Officer and Patrick O’Brien, our Chief Operating Officer and General Counsel, will be available during the Q&A portion of the call. Before we begin, I would like to remind you that comments made during today’s call contain certain forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933 and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. All statements other than statements of historical fact are forward-looking statements and are subject to numerous risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from those expressed in any forward-looking statements. For further details concerning these risks and uncertainties, please refer to our SEC filings, including our most recent annual report on Form 10-K and our quarterly reports on Form 10-Q. With that said, I’d like to turn the call over to Chris Anzalone, President and CEO of the company. Chris?

[Christopher Anzalone:]

Thanks, Vince. Good afternoon, everyone and thank you for joining us today. Arrowhead currently occupies a unique position within the biopharma world. I believe that RNAi’s modality and our proprietary TRiM platform, in particular, are considered increasingly validated. RNAi is a potentially powerful way to treat many disease states. It appears to largely work as intended across numerous clinical studies, has the potential to be highly specific and has been generally well tolerated. Overlay on top of this, a scarcity premium. There is a clear scarcity of companies capable of developing RNAi therapeutics well and extreme scarcity of those capable of bringing RNAi outside the liver. These factors combined to position Arrowhead to create substantial value for our shareholders and the patients who rely on us for life altering new medicines. I think this also frames how we should view Arrowhead currently, the progress we will discuss today and what these mean for the future. The two primary components of this sort of analysis are the ways in which we are expanding our technological reach and the ways in which we are leveraging our more proven technology. Let’s begin with how we are expanding our reach. As you know, our pulmonary franchise is currently comprised of three clinical candidates

[Javier San Martin:]

Thank you, Chris and good afternoon everyone. I want to describe the fazirsiran SEQUOIA data that we presented last month and then give an update on where we are with mid and late-stage studies of our cardiometabolic candidates. As Chris mentioned earlier, the SEQUOIA data from the treatment arms were very encouraging and consistent with the prior data generated from the 2002 open-label study. This is what we and our partners at Takeda wanted to see. Patients receiving 25, 100, or 200 milligrams of fazirsiran who had baseline fibrosis demonstrated a dose dependent mean reduction in serum Z-AAT concentration at week 48 of 74%, 89%, and 94% respectively. All three doses led to a dramatic reduction in total liver Z-AAT with a median reduction of 94% at the post-baseline liver biopsy visit. In addition, PAS-D globule burden, a histological measure of Z-AAT accumulation, had a mean reduction of 68%. Improvement in portal inflammation was observed in 42% of patients while only 7% showed worsening. Lastly, 50% of patients achieved an improvement in fibrosis of at least 1 point by METAVIR stage. In contrast, by week 48 patients receiving placebo who had baseline fibrosis saw no meaningful changes from baseline in serum Z-AAT, had a 26% increase in liver Z-AAT, and had no meaningful change in PAS-D globule burden. No placebo patients experienced an improvement in portal inflammation while 44% experienced worsening. 3 of the 8 placebo patients experienced an improvement in fibrosis at the post-baseline liver biopsy visit. This finding highlights the known variability on histologic fibrosis assessment. With a larger sample size, like in the planned Phase 3 study, the rate of improvement in patients receiving placebo may more closely approximate results from natural history studies of untreated patients with AATD. Fazirsiran has been well tolerated with treatment emergent adverse events reported to-date generally well balanced between fazirsiran and placebo groups. There were no treatment-emergent adverse events leading to drug discontinuation, dose interruptions, or premature study withdrawals in any study group. Compared with placebo, no dose-dependent or clinically meaningful changes were observed in pulmonary function tests over 1 year with fazirsiran. These are all encouraging signs for the program and for patients. We know this is a progressive disease of the liver caused by one thing

[James Hamilton:]

Thank you, Javier. We announced last week the initiation of a Phase 1/2 study of ARO-MMP7. So I want to talk about that first. ARO-MMP7 is designed to reduce expression of matrix metalloproteinase 7 or MMP7 as a potential treatment for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, or IPF. MMP7 is thought to play multiple roles in IPF pathogenesis, including promoting inflammation and aberrant epithelial repair in fibrosis. Significant unmet medical need exists for patients with IPF who experience progressive decline of lung function despite current therapies. ARO-MMP7-1001 is a Phase 1/2a single ascending dose and multiple ascending dose study to evaluate the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of ARO-MMP7 in up to 56 healthy volunteers and in up to 21 patients with IPF. Now moving on to our two other pulmonary programs, ARO-MUC5AC and ARO-RAGE, our investigational RNAi therapeutics designed to reduce production of mucin 5AC or MUC5AC, and the receptor for advanced glycation and products, RAGE, respectively, as potential treatments for various muco-obstructive and inflammatory pulmonary diseases. As Chris mentioned, we are on schedule to have initial data from the healthy volunteer portion of the Phase 1/2 studies in the first half of this year. The healthy volunteer portion of these studies has two parts, a single ascending dose part and a multiple ascending dose component. The studies are designed to assess safety and tolerability, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. We will be assessing pharmacodynamics by measuring available biomarkers in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, induced sputum and for RAGE, we are also measuring serum sRAGE protein. The second portion of the studies is in patients with moderate to severe asthma. We recently initiated enrollment in asthma patient cohorts in both the ARO-MUC5AC and ARO-RAGE studies. Initial data should be available around the end of the year. Finally, moving on to ARO-C3, which is our investigational hepatocyte targeted RNAi therapeutic targeting hepatic C3 expression as a potential treatment for complement-mediated hematologic and renal diseases. We remain on track to report data from Part 1 of the study in healthy volunteers in the first half of this year. Based on an analysis of data from the healthy volunteer single and multiple escalation dose cohorts, we anticipate selecting doses for the Part 2 open-label patient cohorts this month and we are on track to open patient cohort enrollment in the first half of this year. I will now turn the call over to Ken Myszkowski. Ken?

[Ken Myszkowski:]

Thank you, James, and good afternoon, everyone. As we reported today, our net loss for the quarter ended December 31, 2022 was $41.3 million or $0.39 per share based on 106 million fully diluted weighted average shares outstanding. This compares with a net loss of $62.9 million or $0.60 per share based on 104.5 million fully diluted weighted average shares outstanding for the quarter ended December 31, 2021. Revenue for the quarter ended December 31, 2022, was $62.5 million compared to $27.4 million for the quarter ended December 31, 2021. Revenue in the current period primarily relates to our collaboration agreements with Amgen, Horizon and Takeda. Revenues recognized as we complete our performance obligations, which include managing the ongoing AAT Phase 2 clinical trials for Takeda and delivering a Phase 1 ready candidate to Horizon. There remains $107 million of revenue be recognized associated with the Takeda collaboration, which we anticipate will be recognized over the next 1 to 2 years. Additionally, Horizon enrolled the first subject in a Phase 1 trial of HZN-457 formerly known as ARO-XDH, which triggered a $15 million milestone payment to us, and Amgen enrolled the first subject in its Phase 3 registrational trial of Olpasiran, which triggered a $25 million milestone payment to us. Both milestone payments were received in the second quarter of fiscal 2023. Revenue in the prior period primarily related to the recognition of a portion of the payments received from our license and collaboration agreements with Takeda and Horizon. Total operating expenses for the quarter ended December 31, 2022, were $104.7 million compared to $90.8 million for the quarter ended December 31, 2021. The key driver in this change was increased candidate costs and salaries as the company’s pipeline of clinical candidates has both increased and advance into later stages of development. Net cash used by operating activities during the quarter ended December 31, 2022, was $75.5 million compared to $61.3 million for the quarter ended December 31, 2021. The increase in cash used by operating activities is driven primarily by higher research and development expenses. We expect our operating cash burn to be $70 million to $90 million per quarter in fiscal 2023 and capital expenditures up to $200 million as we approach completion on our footprint expansion projects, including GMP manufacturing. Turning to our balance sheet. Our cash and investments totaled $617.6 million at December 31, 2022 compared to $482.3 million at September 30, 2022. The increase in our cash and investments was primarily related to the $250 million payment from Royalty Pharma, offset by our operating cash burn along with continuing capital projects. Our common shares outstanding at December 31, 2022, were $106.1 million. With that brief overview, I will now turn the call back to Chris.

[Christopher Anzalone:]

Thanks, Ken. We’re making good progress on our 20 and 25 initiative, where we expect to have 20 individual drug candidates in clinical trials or at market in the year 2025. We currently have 12 drug candidates in clinical studies, six of which are wholly owned and six are partnered. I expect that 12 to become 15 or 16 by the end of this year. I mentioned ARO-DUX4 moving into the clinic next quarter, and I expect two or three additional new drug candidates and we have never talked about them publicly. Having such a large clinical pipeline provides us with a broad base for which to build value and spread risk, and it also gives us consistent opportunities to share data and progress. In the near term, we think these opportunities include the following

[Operator:]

Our first question comes from the line of Ellie Merle of UBS. Your line is open, Eli.

[Ellie Merle:]

Hi, thank you so much for taking my question. Just in terms of the data in the second quarter from the pulmonary franchise, I guess, what exactly are we getting in terms of the number of patients and dose levels? And what are you looking to see, I guess, what degree of lowering used dose levels is sort of the target levels that you’re looking for and will confirm, I guess, kind of this target engagement that we’re hoping to see? Thanks.

[Christopher Anzalone:]

So look, I don’t know that we have a target knockdown threshold that we’re looking for. This is our first – this will be our first data in the UN subjects. So see what sort of knockdown we catch. Again, I don’t know that we have out. James, do you want to talk about some of the cohorts we have seen?

[James Hamilton:]

Sure, right. So the – we will have data in the SAD cohorts for the first four dose levels and then likely as well the MAD cohorts through at least the first three cohorts, the two dose cohorts. That’s all in the healthy volunteers. We won’t have any patient data at that point.

[Ellie Merle:]

Great. Thanks.

[Christopher Anzalone:]

Sure.

[Operator:]

Thank you. [Operator Instructions] Our next question comes from the line of Maury Raycroft of Jefferies. Your line is open, Maury.

[Maury Raycroft:]

Thanks for taking my question. I had a question about the pulmonary data as well. Wondering if you expect the bronchoalveolar lavage data to correspond with the RAD serum PD biomarker data, I guess, maybe you talk a little bit more on just what kind of proof of concept we should be looking for in this update. James?

[James Hamilton:]

Yes. I think directionally, I would expect, based on what we’ve seen in animals and monkeys specifically that the lavage data should the sRAGE lavage data should directionally behave the same as the serum data.

[Christopher Anzalone:]

And my thing on that is that we will see what they look like. But my sense is that the lavage data make give us more accurate knockdown because it’s local, of course, the challenge with the systemic is that there may be extra pulmonary sources of RAGE. And so that may muddy the data a bit. But that will give us better idea of duration because we’re not bringing these individuals more than once.

[Maury Raycroft:]

Got it. Okay. That’s helpful. And also just with the JNJ media reports, I’m wondering if you’ve had any discussions with JNJ regarding 398 ongoing studies and have a sense of when they could make a decision on the program? And what are some options you’re considering if JNJ terminates the license agreement.

[Christopher Anzalone:]

So this is all new for us. And so I don’t have too much to comment on this at this point. Again, we understand that they are deprioritizing HBV broadly this doesn’t have anything to do with our candidate as I understand it. And so they do not have, again, my understanding and Patrick O’Brien can correct me wrong. My understanding is that they don’t have the right to sublicense this, but they could assign it. And so we will see what they decide to do there. If they do decide to assign it, it requires our approval, otherwise it will come back to us. And so we don’t know what their goals are here, and we will just have to wait to see. But look, we believe in that program. I think that drug clearly does what it is designed to do. We’re seeing substantial reduction in viral antigens. I think that’s important that is maybe the critical component to getting to a functional cure. It’s not the only component, but I think it’s the critical one, and they were interrogating a number of different strategies to what they can combine with that to get to functional cures. We look forward to seeing more of those data because we are only so close to it at this point, of course.

[Maury Raycroft:]

Got it. Okay, makes sense. I will hop back in queue. Thanks for taking my questions.

[Christopher Anzalone:]

Yes. Thank you.

[Operator:]

Thank you. Our next question comes from the line of Mayank Mamtani from B. Riley. Your line is open., Mayank.

[Mayank Mamtani:]

Hi, thanks for taking questions. Looks like a busy year 2023 for you than last year. So maybe just following up on the pulmonary programs. on the safety and tolerability data that we will have for RAGE and MUC5A, could you talk about sort of the implications of that broadly for your delivery system? And just maybe remind us of the nebulizer system is the same across the different programs. And a second part question on the MMP7. What is the frequency of administration you’re looking to target there? As you know, in IPF. Now there is a lot of progress in the pipeline with some antibody approaches also coming in.

[James Hamilton:]

Sure. Yes. So I think the safety data that we will have for RAGE and MUC5AC, I think while it will be candidate specific and target specific, I think will be applicable to the broader platform and will help to support the pulmonary delivery platform generally. In terms of the nebulizer question, this is – it’s the same nebulizer system that we’re using across the three different programs. It’s different than what we used with ARO-ENaC. So this is a more efficient nebulizer versus what we used with ENaC. And then there was a third question there, I think...

[Christopher Anzalone:]

MMP7 dose interval.

[James Hamilton:]

So the initial dosing interval for MMP7 is every 2 weeks in the MAD cohorts. In the SAD, of course, we just do single doses, but then we’re investigating day 1, 15 and 29 in MM7 similar to what we’re doing in the MAD cohorts for MUC5AC. Now that may not be the dosing regimen going forward. That’s sort of a more intensive regimen consistent with what we used in the animals to generate maximum knockdown. We will have to see what the duration of knockdown is after both a single dose and after the multi-dose administration.

[Mayank Mamtani:]

Got it. And then just a quick follow-up on JNJ-0795, can you just remind us what the target there is and sort of the progress – how far along that program is – I know it’s a J&J partnered program. And then just broadly on the on sort of the partnership with J&J. Is it product program-by-program, I am assuming and whatever happens with 3989 has no implications on how things may progress with 0795?

[James Hamilton:]

Yes. Those are different divisions within Janssen. The target is PNPLA3 a – gosh, maybe the most genetically validated target for NASH. They are in a Phase 1 study that includes SAD as well as the MAD portion. And it is my expectation that we can start to report at least some, not at least certainly some SAD data this quarter.

[Mayank Mamtani:]

Okay. Thanks for taking the question.

[Operator:]

Thank you. Our next question comes from the line of Joel Beatty of Baird. Your line is open, Joel. Again Joel Beatty of Baird, your line is open.

[Joel Beatty:]

Hello. Can you hear me?

[Operator:]

Yes.

[Joel Beatty:]

So, for the lung programs and the data coming in Q2, could you elaborate on how meaningful the data is for other programs? In the prepared remarks, you talked about eight or nine programs that could come for long. How de-risking is this data that we get in Q2?

[Christopher Anzalone:]

I think it’s substantially de-risking. This will be the first clinical data from our lung franchise. The structure of these candidates is really quite similar between MMP7, MUC5AC, RAGE, and future ones. They are simple conjugates, as you know. It’s simple RNAi, trigger that is chemically modified linked to targeting. So, to the extent that that it is well tolerated and can get into these pulmonary epithelial cells, I think it is telling as it relates to future candidates. These cells don’t care what the sequence of the RNAi trigger is. Once you get into this cell and get loaded into the risk complex, it can be any sequence. So, I think that it is a substantial de-risking event, again, to the extent that we do show clinically relevant knockdown in a well-tolerated fashion.

[Joel Beatty:]

Great. That’s helpful. And then for AAT, are you going to discuss the powering assumptions or otherwise, just kind of speak at a high level as to what gives you confidence in the powering for the 160-patient registrational Phase 3 of this plan?

[Javier San Martin:]

Yes. I can give you a high-level concept, but this is Takeda’s protocol design and is already in the public domain in clinicaltrial.gov. But essentially, if you look at what Takeda has been thinking is taking a conservative approach for the active treatment group, and not as conservative for the placebo group. But with that made the assumptions and the typical standard deviations that are expected and with that in mind to power calculation, they took, we think, good and conservative approach with regard to the duration, which is 106 weeks, so 2 years essentially and the sample size and the patient population they selected. So, it’s not just the assumption, but it’s the assumption in the context of sample size of 160 patients, a 2-year observation and all patients we have at least a F2 fibrosis stage patients with NAFLD. So, when you look at the totality of the study design, we believe this study is well set to show the benefit in fibrosis levels. And then the details for Takeda will eventually come out with more details.

[Joel Beatty:]

Okay. Thank you.

[Operator:]

Thank you. Our next question comes from the line of Madhu Kumar of Goldman Sachs. Your line is open, Madhu.

[Madhu Kumar:]

Great. Thanks for taking our questions. So I guess our first one relates to the idea in the lung of which cell type matters? And how do you think about in various pulmonary indications targeting the lung epileptic cells in the lung epithelium versus, say, other cell types that are just present in the lung, particularly immune cells in the lung. How do you kind of thread that needle? And then kind of secondly, along the question of threading the needle, how do you think the phenomenon of knockdown pretty powerful inflammatory modulars where want suppress the enough so that you reduce the kind of autoimmune functions, but you don’t suppress them so much that you reduce the viral protective solutions. How do you think about kind of that balance?

[James Hamilton:]

Sure. So well, first of all, regarding the epithelial cells that are the cells that we are trying to target those are generally the cell types where we are looking for targets. So, we are looking for targets that are expressed by lung epithelial cells. And if there is a target that is related to a disease that we could knockdown, that’s the ideal situation. I think that’s where our system performs the best is in getting into those cell types and knocking down targets expressed in pulmonary epithelial cells or some of the derivatives, something like the basaloid cells in – that are more specific to an IPF patient population. Right now, we are not targeting any gene targets in macrophages or other immune cells in the one. We are pretty focused on the epithelial or epithelia cell-derived types of cells. And then the other question was about modulating inflammation. So, for something like RAGE that knocking down RAGE, like you said, could be fairly powerful as an anti-inflammatory. There are other – there is redundancies built into the system. So, I think some of the innate immune functions that would be inhibited by silencing range can also be activated through a TLR4 pathway. So, you are not completely wiping out the innate immune system altogether. There is some redundancy there.

[Madhu Kumar:]

Okay. Thanks so much for taking our questions.

[Operator:]

Thank you. Our next question comes from the line of Mani Foroohar of SVB. Your line is open, Mani.

[Unidentified Analyst:]

Hi. Good afternoon. This is [indiscernible]. First question, we had a question regarding the pulmonary program. What would be the level of knockdown that will be expected in order to reach functional benefit in the clinical setting?

[Christopher Anzalone:]

We don’t know the answer to that. There are advantages and disadvantages to being pioneers here. The advantages are the way the first one the disadvantages are that no one has done this before. And so we will be learning the field as we go. So, I don’t have a good answer for you on that, unfortunately.

[Unidentified Analyst:]

Alright. I guess we will have to asking you a little later. And so I guess maybe just a different question in terms of the HBV program. So, should the assets be returned by J&J, what would be your development line? Would you consider – given that most assets in this particular sector, our partner, especially for the combination program? Would you consider developing it internally or seeking out a new partner?

[Christopher Anzalone:]

Yes, that’s a good question. So, look again, as I mentioned, that drug is doing what it’s designed to do, and that’s exciting. Janssen has done a phenomenal job with a number of very large studies. And so they are sitting on a ton of data. We are familiar with some of those data, but not all of them. And so it’s hard for us to make – it’s impossible for us to make a decision about how we might develop that drug until we get into those data. We are certainly interested, again because the drug it appears to be doing what we intended to do. And so we just have to take a look at all the data to see what the path forward will be. I do firmly believe that there is a path forward. I just don’t know what it is until we see the data.

[Unidentified Analyst:]

Thank you. And I guess lastly, would there be any sense of timing in terms of maybe when you would be able to either get maybe more clarity from J&J access to the data so you could make an informed decision?

[Christopher Anzalone:]

I don’t have an answer for that, unfortunately. I don’t know what their time line is. As I mentioned in prepared remarks, my understanding is that there are some ongoing studies, I assume that those are still ongoing, but I don’t know, to be honest. I think this is all happening real time, and my expectation is that we will have better clarity from Janssen over the next coming weeks.

[Unidentified Analyst:]

Alright. Thank you.

[Christopher Anzalone:]

You’re welcome.

[Operator:]

Thank you. Our next question comes from the line of Luca Issi of RBC Capital Markets. Your line is open, Luca.

[Luca Issi:]

Alright. Thanks so much for taking my question. I have two. Maybe circling on A1AT, circling back on the prior question, Javier, can you just talk a little bit more about the powering assumption here in the Phase 3 at 160 patients in the primary endpoint of 2 years, what is the minimum delta in fibrosis between the active arm and placebo that is actually sufficient to hit the stat? Any color there would be great. And then maybe on DUX4, can you just talk a little bit more about that program. I think in the past, you have mentioned that expression could be quite variable there. So, wondering how you are planning to mitigate their risk, I mean maybe more broadly how confident are you in that program?

[Javier San Martin:]

Yes. Luca, so I don’t know how much detail I can provide on the specifics that the Takeda team and this situation, the work they did to power the study or to size the study with 160 patients. And like I said, the primary endpoint or the primary analysis is at 2 years, 106 when all patients with F2 and F3 that would be about 110 or so complete the 2-year study. So, that gives you really for what we learned so far and we can take this 50% reduction in fibrosis that we observed twice in two different studies with the same and similar patient population as a good point of reference, I would say. And then, you need to look at the natural history data versus the SEQUOIA data and go somewhere in between. And if you do that exercise, you will come out with the same number, more likely. So, that’s how I will address this comment. But Chris...

[Christopher Anzalone:]

And importantly, as Javier mentioned that, that 2-year time point is at around 110 patients, not the full 160. And importantly, it was powered based on that. So, given their assumptions, they determined that 110 should be sufficient. James, do you want to…

[James Hamilton:]

Sure. Yes, the DUX question. It’s correct that the expression of DUX4 is static [ph]. And or the measurement of the protein in the muscle and the downstream DUX4 affected genes can be challenging at least one other company has demonstrated. And that was one of the reasons, if you recall that we wanted to be sure that we had the tox coverage to cover a longer Phase 2 study, something if we weren’t able to see any knockdown in gene expression that we could do a longer study and see some proof of concept efficacy with imaging, specifically with MRI or with functional endpoints, things like reachable workspace, we now have that tox coverage at least from the chronic monkey study. I think the chronic rat readout should be available shortly. So, we have the ability to design a study that not only could potentially give us biomarker readouts if we are able to measure DUX4 and downstream gene expression, but also a study that would have MRI and functional endpoints built into it as well.

[Luca Issi:]

Got it. Thanks so much.

[Operator:]

Thank you. Our next question comes from the line of Prakhar Agarwal of Cantor. Your line is open, Prakhar.

[Prakhar Agarwal:]

Hi. This is Prakhar from Cantor. Thanks for taking my questions. So, first on ARO-AAT, how long do you think will it take to enroll the Phase 3 trial, the clinical trial entry for it suggest primary completion date of March 2027. So, that would imply roughly 2 years for enrollment. Is that the right proxy to think about the timing of this readout, or would the timelines be expedited? And I had a quick follow-up.

[Christopher Anzalone:]

Yes. I think it’s inappropriate for us to opine on that since Takeda will be running that. I think probably best to ask them what their expectations are.

[Prakhar Agarwal:]

Okay. And second on ARO-APOC3, any comments on how you are thinking about the trial size and duration for the CV outcomes trial? And what do you think you need to show on the CV outcomes for that asset to have a broad uptake in the smash population? Thank you.

[Javier San Martin:]

Yes. Well at the very beginning of that process, as you know, it’s not a simple process. We will work with a group of experts. We are at the beginning of establishing the governance on how to design and execute that study. As we said during this call, we are wrapping up the Phase 2 study within the next quarter or two quarters, that will be the way that we will define the study design. We are planning to have interaction with the FDA to talk about that this year. And the expectation is that we will start this study in 2023. So, the beginning of the process, a lot of work that needs to be done. Some important decisions that will be related to the specific of the study design, how loading will last. It’s likely to be of course, an event-driven trial as most of these studies are. So, a lot to come, I would like to talk about it in the next few quarters.

[Christopher Anzalone:]

There are at least a couple of things that are gating for us to figure out what those CVOTs might look like. And one thing is, look, we still haven’t read out the entire Phase 2 studies yet. We have interim analyst that looks quite positive and we are excited about. But we need to finish those studies and see what those look like. That’s the first. Second is that we haven’t had discussions with the FDA about their expectations. We have to have those. I think once we get through those two issues, we will have – we can have a better idea about what these things might look like.

[Prakhar Agarwal:]

Understood. Thank you for taking the questions.

[Operator:]

Thank you. At this time, I would like to turn the call back over to Dr. Chris Anzalone, President and CEO, for closing remarks. Sir?

[Christopher Anzalone:]

Thanks everyone for joining us today and have a nice evening.

[Operator:]

This concludes today’s conference call. Thank you for participating. You may now disconnect.