Coupang, Inc.
Q4 2022 Earnings Call Transcript

Published: 28 Feb 2023

[Operator:]

Good afternoon. My name is Ashlee, and I will be your conference operator today. At this time, I would like to welcome everyone to the Coupang Earnings Conference Call. [Operator Instructions] Now I'd like to turn the call over to Mike Parker, Vice President of Investor Relations. You may begin your conference

[Mike Parker:]

Thanks, operator. Welcome, everyone, to Coupang’s fourth quarter 2022 earnings conference call. I'm pleased to be joined on the call today by our Founder and CEO, Bom Kim, and our CFO, Gaurav Anand. The following discussion, including responses to your questions, reflects management's views as of today's date only. We do not undertake any obligation to update or revise this information, except as required by law. Certain statements made on today's call include forward-looking statements. Actual results may differ materially. Additional information about factors that could potentially impact our financial results is included in today's press release and in our filings with the SEC, including our most recent annual report on Form 10-K and subsequent filings. During today's call, we may present both GAAP and non-GAAP financial measures. Additional disclosures regarding these non-GAAP measures, including reconciliations of these measures to the most comparable GAAP measures, are included in our earnings release and our SEC filings, which are posted on the company's Investor Relations website. And now, I’ll turn the call over to Bom.

[Bom Kim:]

Thanks, everyone, for joining us today. A year ago, we were emerging from a challenging period of COVID-related disruptions. We shared our outlook that 2022 would be an important year to demonstrate our ability to march towards long-term profitability targets while still compounding at a multiple of the overall retail market. We also shared that we would renew our focus on operational improvements as it was increasingly clear that COVID was winding down. And we would report our results under two segments, Product Commerce and Developing Offerings, to provide increased visibility on our continued progress. We ended Q4 of 2021 with a gross profit margin of around 16%, and an adjusted EBITDA loss of $285 million. A year later, 2022 Q4 concluded with a gross profit margin of 24%, an improvement of over 800 basis points. We recorded over $200 million in adjusted EBITDA for the quarter, an improvement of nearly $500 million year-over-year. Adjusted EBITDA margin was 4%, an increase of over 900 basis points year-over-year. And a net income of $100 million in Q4 represents an improvement of over $500 million versus the prior year. We delivered these results while growing revenues by over 20% year-over-year on an FX-neutral basis. The results are the outcome of focused execution and innovation by many teams, with most of the gains coming from operational improvements such as technology, infrastructure, supply chain optimization, and process improvement, including automation. The results are also a reflection of the underlying strength of our flywheel in Product Commerce. Active Customers in Product Commerce increased 5% year-over-year, and the spend of every cohort, including our oldest, continued to compound at a fast rate. And our newer cohorts are starting their journey at higher levels of spend and growing faster than earlier cohorts. Over the past year, we also added nearly two million more customers as paid WOW members, whose spend and frequency are many times higher than that of their non-WOW counterparts. Enduring customer loyalty is driven by breaking the tradeoffs between and delivering on all three levers of commerce

[Gaurav Anand:]

Thanks, Bom. Our demand continued to remain strong even amidst macro-economic pressure. We continued to grow at a multiple of the market, with total dollar net revenue growth of 5% year-over-year, and constant currency growth of 21% year-over-year and 6% quarter-over-quarter. Our revenue growth continues to be driven by the increase in our active customers and revenue per active customer. Total active customers grew 1% year-over-year. This was negatively impacted by our Eats offering, as our active customers in Product Commerce grew at 5% year-over-year. Our net revenue per active customer increased 19% year-over-year and 5% quarter-over-quarter on a constant currency basis, as we continue to see even deeper engagement from our customers. Our investments into our WOW membership program, and the compounding value of WOW, helped drive record membership growth in Q4, ending the year with 11 million WOW members. We are encouraged by the adoption we continue to see with our WOW membership program. We generated over $1.3 billion of gross profit in the fourth quarter, a nearly 60% year-over-year improvement. Our gross profit margin was 24%, an increase of over 800 bps year-over-year. Product Commerce saw gross profit margin expansion of over 600 bps year-over-year, ending the quarter at 24.4%. This is 20 bps lower quarter-over-quarter primarily because of product mix change. The drivers for this year-over-year improvement remain consistent with those we have highlighted throughout this year

[Operator:]

[Operator Instructions]. Your first question comes from the line of Eric Cha with Goldman Sachs. Your line is open.

[Eric Cha:]

Hi. Thank you for this opportunity. I have two questions. First is that, we noticed that there weren't any full year 2023 guidance, given in your disclosure. I assume that this is because of the macro uncertainty, but would like to hear your thought process around this. And also more importantly, as months of January and February are now behind us, would be really helpful if you could share your thoughts around the first quarter trends. Any guidance or color would be really helpful. Second question is, as you just mentioned, you've raised your long term target just EBITDA margin. Would be great if you could walk us through what were the key drivers that led you to raise this target? Was it mostly gross profit margin? Or do you guys now see more operating leverage on the SG&A side or a bit of both? Any color around this would be appreciated. Thank you.

[Bom Kim:]

Hi, Eric. Thanks for the questions. We have historically not given top line guidance. But as we've demonstrated quarter-after-quarter, we are confident that in any scenario, we will continue to grow at a multiple of the market. In the first two months of Q1, we have seen growth at a similar rate to what we saw in Q4. And while the short-term, it is hard to predict, we are really confident about our ability to continue to compound and grow at a faster rate over the long-term. We are still in the single-digit share of overall market opportunity. The overwhelming majority of the retail market is offline, high prices and limited selection. We are excited about the opportunity to allow customers with wider selection, lower prices and exceptional service to continue to capture significant growth On your second question about the profit guidance and future expansion potential, the drivers -- we're continually encouraged by the improvement we see and the progress we're making on the drivers of margin improvement, which are efforts and continuous improvement programs that leverage years of investment in technology, infrastructure, supply chain optimization, and new services among others. Process improvements including automation, as I mentioned, will also contribute to efficiency gains in the future. And we're increasingly confident about our long-term margin opportunity, and we believe we're investing in the right drivers that will get us there, though the gains may not be as dramatic as last year will be realized every quarter.

[Operator:]

We'll take our next question from Seyon Park with Morgan Stanley.

[Seyon Park:]

I have two questions. The first is on FLC. Can we get a little bit of color on how much of or what percentage of your GMV is now coming from FLC? And then given, I guess there are some concerns about the overall market growth in the near term can you maybe talk a little bit about how, Coupang can utilize FLC to maybe increase the overall utilization of your distribution capacity? Whether that is something that is already being actively considered or is being utilized would be very helpful to us. The second question is on Coupang Eats. I know, you're in the stage where management is reassessing the options and I think it's been about two, three quarters since you've done that. Can you kind of give us maybe some color on how that is progressing and when some kind of a conclusion on your stance could be reached?

[Bom Kim:]

On your first topic of FLC, as we mentioned in the call, FLC exceeded our expectations in 2022 and is already starting to scale. Of course, leverages our end 10 integrated network allows us to share the speed and efficiency with merchants to help them capture growth and savings. And parallel, of course, allows us to gain even better economies of scale efficiency gains there as well. Helps customers gain access to even wider selection with the experience of Rocket that we believe will ultimately unlock considerable growth over the long term. We mentioned the adoption rates for merchants and customers alike are strong on FLC. So far early results show that merchants who moved their inventory to FLC saw sales increase by over 65% on average. Like any new initiative, there is a lead time to perfect the tools and technology processes and infrastructure to scale FLC to its full potential. But we're very excited about the long term opportunity here. On Eats, we've made significant progress in Eats the $110 million year-over-year gross profit improvement in developing offerings which primarily driven by improvements in Eats. We're also working relentlessly and have many efforts and many initiatives to improve aspects of the customer experience on Eats. Eats is a strategically important offering for us now and in the future, among other benefits like our Fresh offering, Eats help deepen our customer engagement across many services. There is a lot more to do, but we are excited about the strong profitable foundation we are building for Eats. But we are excited about driving the next phase of growth on that stronger foundation at the right time.

[Operator:]

And we will take our next question from James Lee with Mizuho Securities. Please go ahead.

[James Lee:]

Great. Thanks for taking my question. Two here please. First on consumer demand, with South Korea right now facing some inflationary pressure, are you seeing any of the mix shift to maybe services, very similar to U.S. or maybe trade downs by consumers? And second, and maybe can we get a sense, maybe some puts and takes on developing offering for 2023, what segments do you feel like you need to double down and maybe what segment do you look to be more rational? Any commentary regarding the $200 million losses that you incurred this year, how should we think about 2023 on that? Thank you.

[Bom Kim:]

Okay. Hi, James. Thanks for your question. I think on consumer demand, that was your first question, there are economic uncertainties globally that affect all of us. But as you have seen, we continue to grow much faster in the market, continue to grow at a robust pace. We are at different stages of selection acquisition across categories, but we are early in the selection acquisition for nearly every category. You see that in our customer cohort behaviour. The spend of our customer cohorts, even our oldest continues to compound at a fast rate. We are seeing strong growth across all categories, even our largest, maybe perhaps because of the stage that we are at selection acquisition. It is hard to isolate the macroeconomic impact at a category level. Seeing our all of our cohorts continue to compound, all of our categories continue to grow, we still don't know what our full potential spend is for our customers in any category. But it's very clear that, customers want low prices, fast delivery and selection in all categories. And those are the three levers that we will continue to focus on. We have not yet seen an exception to this simple truth. And we believe that, our growth in the future will be driven by these three levers. On Developing Offerings, we remain excited about the potential to unlock significant gains in these new areas of growth. We believe the benefits of which will be amplified by our broader ecosystem. We will continue to be disciplined and intelligent in the way that we have approached developing offerings. And you will see that our Developing Offering losses for 2023 will be consistent as Gaurav mentioned with the amount of investment we made in 2022.

[Operator:]

And we'll take our next question from Jiong Shao with Barclays. Please go ahead.

[Jiong Shao:]

Thank you very much for taking my questions. I have two as well. The first question is about your Fresh. I was just wondering, are you able to provide a little bit additional color about the GMV contribution, where you are in terms of the profitability? Any kind of a outlook when that business may be profitable at some point in a somewhat near future. Anything you can provide would be very helpful. Second question is about the Developing Offering as well. Some of your peers, global peers seem to have had a very good success in the fintech area, but every country, whether or not it’s Brazil or Southeast Asia, they have different offline banking system. With that, as a backdrop, the offline banking system or financial services industry in Korea, could you elaborate a bit on the sort of the specific products you are contemplating or already launched to get additional growth for your business in the financial services, the fintech area?

[Bom Kim:]

Thanks, Jiong for the question on Fresh. As we've mentioned before, we have a structural advantage of combining Fresh and general merchandise in the same logistics and network that allows us, enables us to provide customers with the best experience at the lowest cost. Fresh has positive unit economics. We expect profitability to continue to improve with economies of scale and continued efforts to improve our technology and operations. We still also have a significant growth opportunity in Fresh. Just a third of active customers in Q4 or customers of Fresh will continue to expand assortment and focus on providing high quality and low prices -- high quality products and low prices to customers there. On Developing Offerings and fintech, I think again, generally we'll continue to be opportunistic and disciplined here. We do see lots of opportunities. We're still in the learning phase in some of those areas. Our approach has always been to test, learn, iterate, discipline and opportunistic there. And I think you'll see us continue to take that approach there. I think at the right time we'll share more information, but we're still very early in the journey on many of the initiatives that we are pursuing on Developing Offerings.

[Operator:]

[Operator Instructions] And this will conclude today's conference call. Thank you for your participation. You may disconnect at any time.