Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Company
Financial ratios & Valuation

Historical Multiples (2013 – 2021)

2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 TTM Median
Valuation Ratios
Price/Earnings ratio
-21.34-26.11-22.25-4.66-11.08-11.61-3.62-0.871.02K12.57-7.87
Price/Sales ratio
1.722.122.100.960.810.820.550.402.012.550.88
Price/Book Value ratio
1.281.652.481.501.431.421.374.616.418.121.47
Price/Cash Flow ratio
15.095.928.559.238.469.513.043.627.9110.038.85
Price/Free Cash Flow ratio
24.366.8611.2234.7715.2717.873.566.499.2711.7416.57
Price/Earnings Growth ratio
0.79N/A-0.92-0.030.171.21-0.02-0.00-10.240.080.69
Dividend Yield
N/AN/AN/AN/AN/AN/AN/AN/AN/AN/AN/A
Profitability Indicator Ratios
Gross Profit Margin
38.60%39.95%41.79%41.55%43.86%45.14%39.29%37.54%50.70%50.70%42.70%
Operating Profit Margin
-6.28%-6.22%-8.19%-22.63%-8.06%-6.84%-11.73%-41.60%23.91%4.58%-15.35%
Pretax Profit Margin
-7.89%-7.66%-10.84%-25.50%-10.91%-9.97%-15.07%-47.73%0.45%0.45%-18.20%
Net Profit Margin
-8.06%-8.12%-9.45%-20.73%-7.33%-7.11%-15.37%-46.52%0.19%20.32%-14.03%
Effective Tax Rate
-2.15%-5.93%12.79%18.70%32.83%-4.24%-2.00%2.51%56.59%56.59%25.76%
Return on Assets
-3.82%-3.70%-4.26%-10.41%-4.02%-3.77%-8.50%-23.74%0.10%10.81%-7.22%
Return On Equity
-6.00%-6.33%-11.17%-32.33%-12.97%-12.25%-37.75%-530.42%0.62%83.73%-22.65%
Return on Capital Employed
-3.40%-3.33%-4.41%-13.95%-5.51%-4.50%-8.33%-29.20%17.59%3.37%-9.73%
Liquidity Ratios
Current Ratio
2.652.711.741.391.231.441.281.12N/A1.391.31
Quick Ratio
2.032.301.401.070.921.070.900.821.171.091.00
Cash ratio
0.851.010.460.440.290.510.530.500.840.840.37
Days of Sales Outstanding
84.2268.0066.0157.4352.1456.1848.4054.0947.0647.0654.16
Days of Inventory outstanding
78.5781.4875.9273.8871.4492.6892.1294.6282.7782.7772.66
Operating Cycle
162.79149.48141.93131.32123.58148.87140.52148.71129.8394.37136.22
Days of Payables Outstanding
45.2822.7041.8434.6528.4138.3922.5327.8226.3826.3833.40
Cash Conversion Cycle
117.50126.77100.0996.6695.17110.47117.98120.88103.4441.08102.82
Debt Ratios
Debt Ratio
0.360.080.250.280.290.300.260.380.220.830.29
Debt Equity Ratio
0.570.130.660.870.960.991.178.681.364.970.92
Long-term Debt to Capitalization
0.110.090.390.460.480.490.520.890.570.570.47
Total Debt to Capitalization
0.110.120.390.460.490.490.540.890.570.570.47
Interest Coverage Ratio
-3.16-4.18-3.47-4.03-1.59-1.73-2.89-1.76N/A1.37-2.81
Cash Flow to Debt Ratio
0.642.010.430.180.170.150.380.140.590.590.18
Company Equity Multiplier
1.571.712.613.103.223.244.4322.345.975.973.16
Cash Flow Ratios
Operating Cash Flow / Sales Ratio
0.110.350.240.100.090.080.180.110.250.250.10
Free Cash Flow / Operating Cash Flow Ratio
0.610.860.760.260.550.530.850.550.850.850.40
Cash Flow Coverage Ratio
0.642.010.430.180.170.150.380.140.590.590.18
Short Term Coverage Ratio
62.887.2743.5417.9616.8914.369.204.0135.5035.5017.43
Dividend Payout Ratio
N/AN/AN/AN/AN/AN/AN/AN/AN/AN/AN/A