Nasdaq
Financial ratios & Valuation

Forward Multiples (2025 – 2028)

2025202620272028
Price/Earnings ratio
40.1133.6724.1022.33
Price/Sales ratio
3.182.932.732.65
Earnings per Share (EPS)
$2.33$2.78$3.89$4.2

Historical Multiples (2014 – 2023)

2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 TTM Median
Valuation Ratios
Price/Earnings ratio
19.5722.73102.6517.4129.4422.8223.3929.3526.8527.9547.0229.44
Price/Sales ratio
2.312.852.993.223.154.143.875.914.854.886.423.15
Price/Book Value ratio
1.391.732.042.172.473.133.395.444.912.734.072.47
Price/Cash Flow ratio
11.7914.2015.3514.0613.1118.3417.4332.1617.7017.4527.3113.11
Price/Free Cash Flow ratio
14.8117.6318.8516.7114.7021.1220.5137.8619.4419.2430.8214.70
Price/Earnings Growth ratio
3.016.21-1.380.03-0.780.321.101.13-6.39-3.188.11-0.78
Dividend Yield
1.20%1.53%1.80%1.90%2.07%1.72%1.46%1.00%1.26%1.48%1.19%1.72%
Profitability Indicator Ratios
Gross Profit Margin
42.25%44.07%43.53%44.21%42.41%42.89%37.62%42.16%41.42%64.23%57.22%42.41%
Operating Profit Margin
21.54%21.15%22.64%25.19%24.03%23.86%21.93%24.48%25.12%26.02%24.62%24.03%
Pretax Profit Margin
16.97%18.51%3.67%22.19%24.87%23.90%21.53%26.06%23.69%23.10%18.34%23.90%
Net Profit Margin
11.82%12.57%2.91%18.51%10.70%18.16%16.58%20.16%18.06%17.46%13.66%10.70%
Effective Tax Rate
30.47%32.22%20.58%16.59%56.95%24.04%23.01%22.62%23.86%24.55%25.64%25.64%
Return on Assets
3.42%3.60%0.76%4.64%2.91%5.55%5.18%5.90%5.39%3.27%3.13%2.91%
Return On Equity
7.14%7.63%1.98%12.46%8.40%13.72%14.50%18.56%18.28%9.79%8.79%8.40%
Return on Capital Employed
8.27%8.07%8.33%9.49%11.25%10.48%9.45%11.77%12.99%6.78%7.63%10.48%
Liquidity Ratios
Current Ratio
1.141.111.111.050.961.011.55N/AN/AN/A0.951.01
Quick Ratio
0.380.330.300.230.240.290.740.180.171.000.950.24
Cash ratio
0.140.100.090.070.080.070.550.040.050.050.030.07
Days of Sales Outstanding
40.5633.8942.2632.7732.7736.1436.7136.4639.6855.9149.1132.77
Days of Inventory outstanding
407.98442.67578.55710.69708.80453.77413.77636.92704.87N/AN/A453.77
Operating Cycle
448.55476.57620.81743.46741.57489.91450.48673.38744.5655.9149.11489.91
Days of Payables Outstanding
34.1330.3030.5329.2029.3422.1918.1919.8318.5155.8635.1429.34
Cash Conversion Cycle
414.41446.26590.28714.25712.23467.72432.28653.55726.050.0413.96467.72
Debt Ratios
Debt Ratio
0.190.190.250.260.240.240.300.280.250.320.320.24
Debt Equity Ratio
0.390.420.660.710.700.600.860.910.870.960.890.70
Long-term Debt to Capitalization
0.280.290.390.380.350.340.460.420.430.480.450.35
Total Debt to Capitalization
0.280.290.390.410.410.370.460.470.460.490.470.41
Interest Coverage Ratio
7.138.507.417.727.499.4414.13N/AN/AN/A4.259.44
Cash Flow to Debt Ratio
0.290.280.200.210.260.280.220.180.310.160.160.28
Company Equity Multiplier
2.082.112.602.682.882.462.793.143.392.982.762.46
Cash Flow Ratios
Operating Cash Flow / Sales Ratio
0.190.200.190.220.240.220.220.180.270.270.230.23
Free Cash Flow / Operating Cash Flow Ratio
0.790.800.810.840.890.860.840.840.910.900.880.88
Cash Flow Coverage Ratio
0.290.280.200.210.260.280.220.180.310.160.160.28
Short Term Coverage Ratio
N/AN/AN/A1.891.172.46N/A1.062.565.823.301.17
Dividend Payout Ratio
23.67%34.81%185.18%33.10%61.13%39.40%34.29%29.48%34.04%41.64%55.26%55.26%